Protective ileostomy creation after anterior resection of the rectum: Shared decision-making or still subjective?

AIM: The choice of whether to perform protective ileostomy (PI) after anterior resection (AR) is mainly guided by risk factors (RFs) responsible for the development of anastomotic leakage (AL). However, clear guidelines about PI creation are still lacking in the literature and this is often decided according to the surgeon's preferences, experiences or feelings. This qualitative study aims to investigate, by an open-ended question survey, the individual surgeon's decision-making process regarding PI creation after elective AR. METHOD: Fifty four colorectal surgeons took part in an electronic survey to answer the questions and describe what usually led their decision to perform PI. A content analysis was used to code the answers. To classify answers, five dichotomous categories (In favour/Against PI, Listed/Unlisted RFs, Typical/Atypical, Emotions/Non-emotions, Personal experience/No personal experience) have been developed. RESULTS: Overall, 76% of surgeons were in favour of PI creation and 88% considered listed RFs in the question of whether to perform PI. Atypical answers were reported in 10% of cases. Emotions and personal experience influenced surgeons' decision-making process in 22% and 49% of cases, respectively. The most frequently considered RFs were the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge (96%), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (88%), a positive intraoperative leak test (65%), blood loss (37%) and immunosuppression therapy (35%). CONCLUSION: The indications to perform PI following rectal cancer surgery lack standardization and evidence-based guidelines are required to inform practice. Until then, expert opinion can be helpful to assist the decision-making process in patients who have undergone AR for adenocarcinoma.

Fístula perianal compleja / Complex Perianal Fistula

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Biliopancreatic Diversion for Severe Obesity: Long-Term Effectiveness and Nutritional Complications.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is currently the treatment of choice for those patients with severe obesity, but the procedure of choice is not clearly established. We describe weight loss and nutritional parameters in severely obese patients after biliopancreatic diversion for 10 years of follow-up. METHODS: Patients were followed by the same multidisciplinary team, and data are shown for 10 years. Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) questionnaire, data regarding the evolution of obesity-related diseases, and nutritional parameters are reported. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-nine patients underwent biliopancreatic diversion, 76.1 % women, initial BMI 50.1 kg/m(2) (7.2). Weight loss was maintained throughout 10 years with EWL% around 65 % and EBMIL% around 70 %. More than 80 % of the patients showed EWL higher than 50 %. Blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile clearly improved after surgery. Mean nutritional parameters remained within the normal range during follow-up. Protein malnutrition affected less than 4 % and anemia up to 16 %. Fat-soluble vitamin levels decreased along the time, with vitamin D deficiency in 61.5 % of patients. No significant differences were found either in nutritional parameters or weight loss regarding gastrectomy or gastric preservation, or common limb length longer or shorter than 55 cm CONCLUSIONS: Biliopancreatic diversion is an effective surgical procedure in terms of weight loss, quality of life, and evolution of obesity-related diseases. Nutritional deficiencies are less frequent than feared for a malabsorptive procedure, but must be taken into account, especially for fat-soluble vitamins.

Efectos de la pérdida de peso mediante una dieta muy baja en calorías (VLCD) sobre la pérdida de peso tras derivación biliopancreática en pacientes con obesidad severa / Effects of preoperative weight loss with a very low calorie diet (VLCD) on weight loss after biliopancreatic diversion in patients with severe obesity

Introducción: Se ha comunicado recientemente que la reducción de peso previa a cirugía bariátrica mediante dieta muy baja en calorías (VLCD) durante 2 semanas supone menor tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias. Es debatido, sin embargo, si la pérdida de peso preoperatoria con VLCD puede favorecer pérdida de peso postoperatoria. 
Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia de una VLCD, seguida durante 6 semanas preoperatorias, en el descenso de peso conseguido al año de la cirugía bariátrica. Evaluar los cambios en parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos conseguidos con dicha dieta. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo no controlado en los pacientes obesos sometidos a derivación biliopancréatica en la Unidad de Obesidad de referencia en el periodo 2008-2010. Los pacientes recibieron durante 6 semanas previas a la intervención una VLCD que aportaba diariamente 840 kcal y 60 g de proteínas (Optisource®). Los datos descriptivos se presentan como media y desviación estándar (DS), y tras comprobar su distribución normal, fueron analizados mediante prueba t de Student, ANOVA o correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Fueron valorados 107 pacientes obesos, de 43,5 (10,2) años, el 72 % fueron mujeres con peso inicial 122,4 (18,6) Kg e IMC de 46,8 (5,5) kg/m2. Un 24,5% perdieron más de 10 % de su peso inicial y un 73,5% más de 5% tras VLCD. La media de porcentaje pérdida de exceso de peso (% PSP) a los 12 meses de la intervención fue 59,6 (13,4)%, y aunque fue mayor en los pacientes que habían perdido peso con VLCD, no se asoció de forma significativa: aquellos pacientes con pérdida mayor de 5% perdieron a los 12 meses 59,5 (13,8)% de PSP y 68,4 and 71 (16,2) % de exceso de IMC (%PEIMC), frente a 57,9 (13,1) % y 68,5 (16,6) % si no conseguían esa pérdida. El grupo de pacientes con pérdida mayor de 10 % consiguió %PSP de 63,3 (13,7) y %PEIMC de 70,9 (14,7) vs 58,2 (14,0) y 67,7 (16,7) si no perdieron >10% del peso inicial. No se encontró correlación entre la pérdida preoperatoria con VLCD y %PSP ni de exceso de IMC (%PEIMC) a 3,6,9 y 12 meses, sólo el %PSP a 1 mes se correlacionó con %PSP con VLCD (r = 0,454, p = 0,003). Conclusiones: La pérdida de peso preoperatoria mediante VLCD en pacientes obesos mórbidos no ha demostrado favorecer la pérdida de exceso de peso ni de exceso de IMC al año de la cirugía bariátrica (AU)

Background: Weight loss before bariatric surgery, achieved by means of a very low calorie diet (VLCD) has been recently reported to be related to a lower rate of postoperative complications. However, it is controversial if preoperative weight loss after VLCD could improve postoperative weight loss. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of a preoperative VLCD for 6 weeks in weight loss one year after bariatric surgery. To evaluate the changes obtained in anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters after VLCD. Methods: Prospective uncontrolled study including severely obese patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversión in our Obesity Unit in 2008-2010. Patients included followed a VLCD providing 840 kcal and 60 g of protein (Optisource®). Descriptive data are presented as mean (standard deviation) and after checking a normal distribution is followed, they were analyzed by Student s T test, ANOVA or Pearson correlation. Results: We evaluted 107 obese patients, 43.5 (10.2) years-old, 72% women, with initial weight 122.4 (18.6) Kg and BMI 46.8 (5.5) kg/m2. 24.5% of them lost more than 10 % of initial weight and 73.5% more than 5% after following VLCD. Mean percentage of excess weight loss (% PSP) one year after surgery was 59.6 (13.4)%, and although it was higher for those patients losing more weight after VLCD, a significant correlation was not found: those who lost more than 5% showed %PSP 59.5 (13.8) % after twelve months and 68.4 (16.2) % of percentage of excess BMI loss (%PEIMC), vs 57,9 (13,1) % and 68.5 (16.6) % if they didn’t lose that amount of weight. Those patients losing more than 10% achieved %PSP 63.3 (13.7) and %PEIMC 70.9 (14.7) vs 58.2 (14.0) y 67.7 (16.7) vs those not losing that amount. Significant correlations between preoperative loss with VLCD and %PSP or %PEIMC at 3,6,9 and 12 months were not found, only %PSP 1 month after surgery correlated with %PSP after VLCD (r = 0.454, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Preoperative weight loss with VLCD in severely obese patients did not show to improve either %PSP or %PEIMC one year after bariatric surgery (AU)